{"id":766,"date":"2024-05-22T02:04:31","date_gmt":"2024-12-21T23:47:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/?p=4487"},"modified":"2025-07-09T16:34:29","modified_gmt":"2025-07-09T21:34:29","slug":"quechua-language","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/","title":{"rendered":"Quechua Language"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/cusco\/daily-tours\/\">Quechua <\/a>Language<\/strong>, also called \u2018Runa simi\u2019 is the most widely used native language in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/cusco\/daily-tours\/\">South America<\/a><\/strong>. It is spoken in various regions of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/cusco\/daily-tours\/\">Peru<\/a><\/strong>, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/bolivia\/\">Bolivia<\/a><\/strong>, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Argentina. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It has several dialects and divisions. It was the language of the Incas, who spread it throughout the Tahuantinsuyo empire. There are almost 12 million Quechua-speaking people on the continent. Contrary to what many people think, this language, far from disappearing, made new roots. It is currently one of the official languages \u200b\u200bof Peru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_81 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#Definition_of_Quechua\" >Definition of Quechua<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#Is_Quechua_one_language_or_are_there_several\" >Is Quechua one language or are there several?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#Where_is_the_origin_of_Quechua_Language\" >Where is the origin of Quechua Language?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#Quechua_Language_and_the_Incas\" >Quechua Language and the Incas<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#How_did_Quechua_Language_spread_to_the_places_where_it_is_spoken_today\" >How did Quechua Language spread to the places where it is spoken today?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#How_many_people_speak_Quechua_Language\" >How many people speak Quechua Language?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#Are_there_books_written_in_Quechua_Language\" >Are there books written in Quechua Language?<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#Status_of_the_Quechua_Language_writing\" >Status of the Quechua Language writing<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#Quechua_Language_on_the_trip_to_Cusco_and_Machu_Picchu\" >Quechua Language on the trip to Cusco and Machu Picchu<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/blog\/quechua-language\/#Trips_to_Cusco_and_Machu_Picchu\" >Trips to Cusco and Machu Picchu<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-definition-of-quechua\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Definition_of_Quechua\"><\/span><strong>Definition of Quechua<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>The <strong>definition of Quechua\n<\/strong>is a language spoken by peoples of the Inca period and which reached, with\ndifferent variants, the populations that today identify themselves as Quechua.\nIt can be understood that Quechua is a family of languages, spoken by about ten\nmillion inhabitants of South America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Also, the <strong>definition of\nQuechua <\/strong>refers to an union of regular roots with suffixes for the formation\nof concepts with variable meanings, the conjugation of verbs for the agreement\nbetween subject and object and the appeal to the agglutinating morphology are\nsome of the main characteristics of the Quechua language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-is-quechua-one-language-or-are-there-several\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Is_Quechua_one_language_or_are_there_several\"><\/span>Is Quechua one language or are there several?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-gallery has-nested-images columns-default is-cropped wp-block-gallery-1 is-layout-flex wp-block-gallery-is-layout-flex\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"511\" height=\"512\" data-id=\"3182\" src=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/quechua.png\" alt=\"quechua\" class=\"wp-image-3182\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">quechua<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1200\" height=\"750\" data-id=\"767\" src=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/1-8.jpg\" alt=\"Quechua\" class=\"wp-image-767\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/1-8.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/1-8-768x480.jpg 768w, https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/1-8-20x13.jpg 20w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Quechua<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quechua <\/strong>is a <strong>Language<\/strong> family with a variety of languages, many of which have dialects within the geographic region where it is spoken. According to Alfredo Torero (1964), the oldest forms of Quechua, the original ones, are spoken in Ancash, Cerro de Pasco, Jun\u00edn, Hu\u00e1nuco, the Sierra de Lima and <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/cusco\/machu-picchu\/\">Cusco<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe varieties of the Quechua linguistic family are classified into two large groups of languages: ) those spoken in Ancash, Hu\u00e1nuco, Pasco, Jun\u00edn and some provinces of the department of Lima, and ) those spoken in Apur\u00edmac, Huancavelica, Ayacucho, <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/cusco\/machu-picchu\/\">Cusco<\/a><\/strong>, Puno, Lambayeque, Cajamarca, San Mart\u00edn, Amazonas and some areas of Loreto \u201d(Coombs, personal communication).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The differences that exist between <strong>Quechua Languages<\/strong> \u200b\u200bare comparable to the differences that exist between Spanish, Portuguese, French, and Italian. Many of the Quechua speakers do not refer to their language as &#8220;Quechua.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> The names vary by area. For example, in Colombia it is called inga, in San Mart\u00edn llakwash, in Cajamarca lingwa. In southern Peru, the name given is runa simi or runa shimi, which means &#8220;language of man&#8221; or &#8220;mouth of man.&#8221; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, today the Quechua speakers of the department of Hu\u00e1nuco and some other places refer to their language as \u201cQuechua\u201d or \u201cGechwa\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-where-is-the-origin-of-quechua-language\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Where_is_the_origin_of_Quechua_Language\"><\/span>Where is the origin of Quechua Language?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Automatically many people assume that Quechua originated in <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/cusco\/machu-picchu\/\">Cuzco<\/a><\/strong>, as it is the place of origin of the Empire of the Incas. However, the origin of an empire is not necessarily the place of origin of a family of languages. The expansion of Quechua began probably a thousand years before that stage; thus, for example, Quechua was already spoken in places like Chav\u00edn long before the Empire of the Incas existed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Almost all approaches converge on similar conclusions: the original Quechua was most probably spoken somewhere in the central Peru (perhaps on the coast, although more likely in the mountainous interior) before elsewhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Likewise, it would have been from this area that the ancestral language would have started to spread, both north and south, at a date probably around two thousand years ago &#8211; perhaps more, perhaps less, but certainly a long time before. that the empire of the Incas. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That great last peak of Andean civilization spoke Quechua, certainly, and effectively contributed to extend it to its maximum expansion; However, the Quechua of the Incas was not the only one, nor was this the original Quechua. Quechua is much more diverse than just Cuzco Quechua, and is linked to many more native cultures of the Andes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quechua-language-and-the-incas\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quechua_Language_and_the_Incas\"><\/span>Quechua Language and the Incas<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>According to the legend of the origin of the Incas, these come from the Altiplano. The first Incas who arrived in Cusco in the 13th century did not speak Quechua. They spoke \u2018Puquina\u2019, which was a native language of the many that were spoken in the towns that surrounded Lake Titicaca in the highlands, border of Peru and Bolivia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Upon arriving in Cusco, they adapted to the language spoken there, which was Quechua (which was already spoken in many Andean and coastal areas of Peru).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>During the expansionist period of the Inca empire (at the\nbeginning of the 15th century), the Quechua language spread mainly in the\nhighland and southern territory of the Tahuantinsuyo empire. In many parts of\nthe north and the coast the \u2018Runa simi\u2019 was already spoken. Elsewhere, Quechua\ndid not replace the aboriginal languages \u200b\u200bspoken such as Mochica or Ca\u00f1ari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-did-quechua-language-spread-to-the-places-where-it-is-spoken-today\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_did_Quechua_Language_spread_to_the_places_where_it_is_spoken_today\"><\/span>How did<strong> <\/strong>Quechua Language<strong> <\/strong>spread to the places where it is spoken today?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Therefore, it is presumed that Quechua originates from\nsomewhere in the central Andes. Indeed, the first great displacement and\nexpansion of Quechua seems to have occurred in the central zone itself, in\nquite ancient successive waves, which partly explains the great difference\nbetween the various sub-branches of Quechua.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The following process of displacement was generated in times prior to the empire of the Incas, due to population movements and demographic changes. Quechua replaced Aymara as a local language in the southern and central Andean areas, both in areas such as the Sierra de Lima but especially in the current areas of Cusco, the Collao de Puno area and part of Apur\u00edmac. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The varieties of these areas therefore maintain a series of phonological characteristics of ancient Aymara, such as fricatives and glottalized, today specific to the Quechua of <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/cusco\/machu-picchu\/\">Cusco <\/a><\/strong>and Puno.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Later, the language would also spread to the northern highlands, partially replacing old local languages \u200b\u200bsuch as Culle (Torero 1964), as well as some other languages \u200b\u200bcurrently disappeared of which we do not have news other than toponyms and some other scattered indications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> Thus, Quechua was initially consolidated as a pan-Andean language in the Inca period, probably encouraged by the State as the language of administration and control, but also of the dissemination of knowledge, of the army, and of reciprocity and exchange between groups. With the empire, Quechua would become the general language (lingua franca) of communication between diverse populations that spoke different languages, now disappeared.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The process of expansion and consolidation of Quechua as the main language, and no longer only as a lingua franca, occurred during the colonial period. Considering that it was easier to spread Christian doctrine in a native language that the people already knew, the evangelizing priests promoted Quechua in much of the colonial territory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p> It is very likely that it was the catechization in Quechua, added to the establishment of the doctrine in the reductions of indigenous people, which ended up consolidating Quechua as the majority indigenous language in the northern areas of the country (Estenssoro 2003).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a result of these processes of linguistic change, it is possible today to identify at least nine varieties of Quechua, geographically distributed between the Andes and areas of the northern jungle (Quechua II-north), the central highlands (Quechua I) and the Sierra Sur (Quechua II-South). <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The nine varieties grouped into four branches are classified in the National Document of native languages \u200b\u200bof Peru published by the Ministry of Education in 2013, within the framework of Law No. 29735, Law that regulates the use, preservation, development, recovery, promotion, and diffusion of the native languages \u200b\u200bof Peru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-many-people-speak-quechua-language\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_many_people_speak_Quechua_Language\"><\/span>How many people speak Quechua Language?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Currently there are about 12 million people who speak\nQuechua. Peru is the country with the most Quechua speakers. The language of\nthe Incas is also spoken in the north of Argentina, the southeast of Bolivia,\nChile (in Alto and El Loa) as well as the southwest of Colombia and the\nnortheast of Ecuador. It is the most widely spoken native language on the\ncontinent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-are-there-books-written-in-quechua-language\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Are_there_books_written_in_Quechua_Language\"><\/span>Are there books written in Quechua Language?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>It is said that Fray Domingo de Santo Tom\u00e1s (Dominican\nfriar), was the first missionary to learn the Quechua language. During his\nevangelizing work in Peru, he published the first two works in Quechua,\n&#8220;the grammar or art of the general language of the Indians of the kingdoms\nof Peru&#8221; and the &#8220;Lexicon&#8221; (vocabulary of the general language\nof Peru).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In 1680, the so-called golden age of Quechua literature\nbegan (mainly in southern Peru). In this period the drama &#8220;Ollantay&#8221;\nis written, originating from an oral tradition since the time of the Incas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After the defeat of T\u00fapac Amaru II (1781), the use of native\nclothes and languages \u200b\u200bis prohibited, as well as any manifestation of customs\nor ways of life, different from those of the invaders. Causing the decline of\nthe Andean elites and generating a social stigma against the language, but\nwithout making it disappear completely.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-status-of-the-quechua-language-writing\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Status_of_the_Quechua_Language_writing\"><\/span>Status of the Quechua Language writing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>To date, it has an alphabet made official by the Ministry of\nEducation through Ministerial Resolution No. 1218-85-ED and, in addition, the\nuse of the 3 vowels &#8220;a, i, u&#8221; is established by Directorial\nResolution No. 0282-2013-ED and the alphabet for the Kichwa variety is\nspecified through Directorial Resolution No. 0293-2013-ED.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-quechua-language-on-the-trip-to-cusco-and-machu-picchu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Quechua_Language_on_the_trip_to_Cusco_and_Machu_Picchu\"><\/span>Quechua Language on the trip to Cusco and Machu Picchu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cusco, the ancient capital of the Inca empire, is one of the\nplaces in Peru with the most Quechua speakers. It is estimated that 45% of its\npopulation speaks this language. That is why the tourist, during their visit to\nCusco and Machu Picchu, will have to come across a Quechua speaker at some\npoint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, in Cusco, many of the Quechua speakers are also fluent in Spanish as a second language. Some of them also know English. Therefore, tourists are recommended to know a little Spanish and, why not, Quechua for their visit to <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/cusco\/machu-picchu\/\">Cusco <\/a><\/strong>and Machu Picchu in Peru.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-trips-to-cusco-and-machu-picchu\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Trips_to_Cusco_and_Machu_Picchu\"><\/span>Trips to Cusco and Machu Picchu<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/bolivia\/tarija-wines-route-3-days\/\">Historical Cusco 3 Days<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/tour\/cusco-imperial-4-days\/\">Cusco Tour 4 Days<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/tour\/tour-cusco-machu-picchu-5-days\/\">Cusco Tour 5 Days<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/tour\/machu-picchu-tour-full-day\/\">Machu Picchu Tour Full Day<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dreamy.tours\/en\/tour\/tour-machu-picchu-2-days\/\">Machu Picchu Tour 2 Days<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quechua Language, also called \u2018Runa simi\u2019 is the most widely used native language in South America. It is spoken in various regions of Peru, Boliv&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":767,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"advgb_blocks_editor_width":"","advgb_blocks_columns_visual_guide":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-766","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cusco-tips"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.4 (Yoast SEO v27.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Quechua Language<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Quechua is a language spoken by peoples of the Inca period with different variants, the populations that today identify themselves as Quechua.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" 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